Critical legal issues in criminal justice Research Paper

Basic legitimate issues in criminal equity - Research Paper Example Legitimate system licenses individuals’ right to self-protection and legitimizes the work of power in the midst of peril with the goal that individuals may guard themselves from outer damage and secure their lives and properties. Word references characterize physical self-protection as the work of physical power to balance a prompt assault. Physical self-preservation might be furnished barrier or unarmed-safeguard. People can utilize a wide assortment of weapons as a feature of outfitted self-protection holding fast to the arrangements of the concerned jurisdicti Unarmed self-preservation includes various styles of hand to hand fighting. In numerous wards, law grants individuals the privilege of self-guarded slaughtering. In any case, the law expresses that the work of physical power in self-protection must be corresponding to the casualty of the viciousness. So as to maintain a strategic distance from the abuse of the self-cautious murdering, the law guarantees aggressors don 't guarantee the privilege of self-preservation. It is on the supposition that aggressors are mindful to the assault or deadly circumstance, and thus they don't reserve the option to guarantee self-protection. Also, law thinks about the sensibility of conviction while assessing the self-protection case of a respondent. Unequivocally, the utilization of physical power must be sensible to legitimize the self-preservation guarantee. What comprises sensible work of power is typically questionable, and subsequently the jury can possibly decide if the defendant’s demonstration (utilization of power) was reasonable.... Wallie Howard, a government specialist working for the Federal Drug Enforcement Administration and the private witness Luther Gregory wanted to capture this medication racket through a purchase bust booked on 30th October 1990. In any case, their arrangements imperfect as Davidson and his group had endeavored to loot Gregory utilizing guns. During the procedure of ambush, the group broke Gregory’s wrist. So as to counter assault them Howard made his weapon and effort off. As of now, Lawrence (one of the pack individuals) terminated at operator Howard and murdered him. As refered to by the United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit (1994), all the litigants were seen as liable of charges claimed including opiate intrigue, murder, theft, and universal killing of a government specialist, and thus every one of them were condemned to life detainment. Over the span of preliminary, Lawrence contended that operator Howard would have slaughtered him except if he had not killed him. In any case, the court saw that the defendants’ need to shield themselves developed out of their own hostility. The court held that the individual who submits burglary utilizing lethal weapons and gets killed by the focused on casualty on the victim’s counter-assaults to guard may not get the advantage of self-preservation. In view of this perception, the court plainly expressed that â€Å"it has for some time been acknowledged that one can't bolster a case of self-protection by a self-produced need to kill† (United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit,1994). This paper will fundamentally assess the above court judgment and talk about why â€Å"one can't bolster a case of self-protection by a self-produced need to kill.† Reasonableness of Belief Reasonableness of conviction is a significant factor in deciding the need of

Noli Me Tangere

Part 1 Captain Tiago had organized a fantastic supper. Numerous visitors come, a large portion of them excluded. Prior to the night supper, individuals talk among themselves and examine various issues of intrigue. In this part starts Friar Damaso’s distracted undertakings to forestall Maria Clara’s union with Crisostomo Ibarra. He advises Captain Tiago not to proceed with the prearranged wedding. Here we locate an increasingly nitty gritty and bright portrayal of Captain Tiago’s sycophancy to the congregation and its pioneers. By implies ofâ the discussion between Friar Sibyla and the evil Dominican cleric, Rizal further clarifies the animosity among Ibarra and Friar Damaso.This section doesn't clarify the explanation behind the get-together. Just in theâ succeedingâ pages are we informed that the supper was in certainty offered to pay tribute to Juan Crisostomo Ibarra’sâ returnâ from Europe. This section serves to present the vast majority of Rizalà ¢â‚¬â„¢s principle characters, those that assume considerable jobs all through the book: Captain Tiago, Friar Damaso, Lt. Guevarra, and Dona Victorina. The social affair was held at the end of October, a couple of days before All Souls’ Day. Rizal uncovered the genuine character of Friar Damaso from the get-go, how he was terrible and savage and had no respect for the rights and sentiments of others at whatever point he opened his mouth.The funny character of Dona Victorina as depicted in this section, was enlivened by a nearby relative of Rizal, researchers state. Section 2 Captain Tiago presents Juan Crisostomo Ibarra, whose garments plainly portrayed he was in melancholy. Ibarra is the primary character in the story, who has quite recently come back to the Philippines from Europe. Crisostomo energetically welcomes Friar Damaso who has an old buddy of his dad, Don Rafael, anyway the monk prevents the presence from securing this cozy relationship. Lt. Guevarra approaches Iba rra and invites him, including, â€Å"I trust your destiny will be obviously superior to your father’s. When Juan Crisostomo Ibarra shows up at the supper with Captain Tiago, everybody is stunned. This plainly shows none of the visitors knew the explanation behind the social affair. In this section, Rizal starts the long and significant fight between Crisostomo Ibarra and Friar Damaso. Ibarra had plainly not anticipated that the monk should welcome him so briskly. Crisostomo Ibarra had gone through seven years in Europe. He had no clue about the numerous occasions that had happened in his nation while he was away. Part 3 The visitors assemble at the eating table. Monk Damaso and Friar Sibyla both scramble for the seat at the leader of the table.The rest of the seats are involved, and Crisostomo Ibarra sees Captain Tiago isn't situated in any of them. Ibarra offers the Captain his seat, yet the last cannot. This is the time Ibarra understands that the supper was in certainty organized inâ his respect. Minister Damaso is incensed when Ibarra is served the substantial piece of the chicken at supper, while his was the thin neck. Before long, Ibarra leaves the scene without hanging tight for the appearance of his adoration intrigue, Maria Clara. Minister Damaso is not, at this point the ward cleric of the town of San Diego, yet is available at the supper since he is the questioner of the Captain’s late spouse. Section 4Crisostomo Ibarra is out for a walk. He sees that there has been essentially no adjustment in his town since he left for Europe. Lt. Guevarra goes along with him in no time, and reminds him again to be cautious. At exactly that point does Ibarra get some answers concerning his father’s grievous demise. In this part, Ibarra understands the explanation behind Friar Damaso’s cold treatment of him back at the place of Captain Tiago. On the other hand, even Lt. Guevarra can't discover any motivation behind why the monk would hold resentment against Don Rafael. The initial not many sections in this part distinctively depict Ibarra’s frustration on the town’s absence of progress while he was away in Europe.Chapter 5 Crisostomo Ibarra settles in Fonda de Lala and acknowledges from a separation the vivacious singing and clamor around Captain Tiago’s house, which could be seen from the lodging window. His ruminates about his poor father’s passing, and how life more likely than not been very horrendous for him in jail. In the interim, at the Captain’s house, Maria Clara shows up. Monk Damaso shows extraordinary gratefulness for the woman. Likewise presented in this section is another character, that of a youthful Franciscan minister by the name of Salvi, ward cleric of the town of San Diego.Most likely Friar Salvi showed up later than expected as couldn't join the remainder of the visitors for dinner. So as to get a perspective on this friar’s weighty job in the stor y, put extensive consideration on how Rizal portrays his character in this part. Section 6 Captain Tiago and his significant other, Dona Pia, have been childless for a considerable length of time. Subsequent to counseling Friar Damaso of their difficulty, the cleric prompted them to go to heavenly mass at the town of Ubando. Not long after, Pia was pregnant. Nonetheless, she had gotten wiped out and upset for the whole length of her pregnancy. She passed on in the wake of bringing forth a little girl, Maria Clara.The kid was raised by Isabel, Tiago’s sister. Monk Damaso turned into her adoptive parent when she was initiated. Maria Clara and Crisostomo Ibarra became beloved companions. In the long presentation of this part, Rizal addresses different odd convictions in the congregation just as a few spoiled techniques in the administration during that time. The name of Captain Tiago †Santiago de los Santos †suggests that Rizal means to utilize his character to talk ab out issues of religion. The reason for Dona Pia’s passing is deliberately not described by detail in order to incite the readers’ thoughts.Her wiped out and tormented state during the pregnancy was quite record of the blame she bore of having a youngster out of infidelity. Maria Clara’s organic dad isn't Captain Tiago, yet Friar Damaso. Skipper Tiago and Don Rafael had concurred that Maria Clara and Crisostomo Ibarra would one day be hitched, and that the two men would participate in business together for both their kids. Part 7 Crisostomo Ibarra at long last discovers time to have a private talk with Maria Clara at the azotea of Captain Tiago’s house. This is their first time to meet by and by in seven years.They trade contemplations, and demonstrate to one another that neither of then had overlooked their affection. The long depictions in this part should be given extensive significance. They are clear and beautiful. The most significant component of th is section is Ibarra’s letter to Maria Clara, which the last had kept securely however the spending years. Rizal additionally portrays Maria Clara’s lively character. She isn't care for other Filipino ladies who are excessively bashful and refined. Part 8 From Captain Tiago’s house, after an endearing discussion with Maria Clara, Ibarra proceeds on his way to the town of San Diego.In the entirety of the spots he goes through he sees no adjustment in them since he left seven years prior. This is a section that depicts the country’s absence of progress during those days. Rizal permits the peruser to solidly picture the scenes and looks of the local towns, and is really probably the best commitment to the history and legacy of Manila. There are a great deal of entries in this section, dynamically characterize the standards to be lived by in the old day and age, just as in today’s present day times. Part 9 Crisostomo Ibarra goes over the carriage conve ying Friar Damaso.Along the manner in which the minister likewise catchs Maria Clara and her Aunt Isabel, who were made a beeline for the abbey to bring the maiden’s things. Monk Damaso tells Captain Tiago something of most extreme significance. Then, in Intramuros, Friar Sibyla is somewhere down in discussion with an old Dominican minister caused with a seriousâ illness. In this section starts Friar Damaso’s distracted undertakings to forestall Maria Clara’s union with Crisostomo Ibarra. He advises Captain Tiago not to proceed with the prearranged wedding. Here we locate a progressively point by point and brilliant depiction of Captain Tiago’s sycophancy to the congregation and its leaders.By implies ofâ the discussion between Friar Sibyla and the evil Dominican minister, Rizal further clarifies the ill will among Ibarra and Friar Damaso. Part 10 This section depicts in detail the town of San Diego. It additionally goes further into the underlying fou ndations of the primary enemy, Crisostomo Ibarra. San Diego is an anecdotal name. No town existed by that name in the Philippines the time the Noli was composed. San Diego might be thought to be a town arranged close to Laguna Lake, since it was along this lake that Elias and Ibarra were pursued by the common watches subsequent to having barely gotten away from prison.We may take note of that there is in every case just a single relative in each age of Ibarra’s group. All the towns, when they are as yet creating and assembling their establishments, have Filipinos for ministers. When they arrive at development and accomplish progress, Spanish ministers dominate. Section 11 This part portrays the influential individuals in the town of San Diego. Here are the characters that might be said to be in places of intensity: (1)â â Don Rafael Ibarra (2)â â Captain Tiago (3)â â The town chief (4)â â Friar Salvi (5)â â The sacristan city hall leader (6)â â The alferez ( 7)â â Dona Consolacion Chapter 12Burial practices and customs in the town of San Diego are portrayed in detail. There is likewise an exceptionally significant discussion between an undertaker and Tasyo the Philosopher. In this section Rizal presents one more important character †Tasyo the Philosopher. The peruser is molded to hate the grim and unfeeling lack of regard on the grave of Don Rafael through the trading of thoughts of the two men in the story. Section 13 Ibarra visits his late father’s grave. He discovers from the undertaker that the ward minister had requested to uncover his father’s remains, whi

The Best Schools For College Startups

The Best Schools For College Startups by: Naomi Nishihara on September 22, 2016 | 0 Comments Comments 2,271 Views September 22, 2016When Dante Alvarado-Leon was home last summer, his mom asked if he was coming back after graduation. Probably not, he told her — there are more opportunities in the Bay Area.Alvarado-Leon is from Southern California. He grew up commuting between Tijuana and San Diego. Now he’s a senior at the UC-Berkeley Haas School of Business, and he’s also CEO and co-founder of Mentor Room, a startup he launched his junior year and the reason hell stay away from home after graduating.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I said I’m probably going to stay up here. It’s where the VCs are, where we can get funding,† he says.Alvarado-Leon not the only one who thinks location has a lot to do with opportunity.  A new PitchBook report lists the top undergraduate programs for startups, and in nearly every category Stanford University and UC-Berkeley †” two Bay Area schools — are in either first or second place, with MIT following in third.THE PITCHBOOK RANKINGSPitchBook conducts research into investments, then sells the data it collects. It is also known for its annual report about college startups. This year’s edition ranks undergraduate programs in several categories including venture capital backing, serial founders, and number of exits. The rankings are based on startups founded at the schools between 2006 and 2016.In  VC backing, Stanford University was at the top, with 1,006 founders whose companies received a first round of venture funding between 2006 and 2016. UC-Berkeley had 997 founders, and MIT had 813.UC-Berkeley is at the top, however, in  serial founders — founders with VC backing for more than one company. The report lists UC-Berkeley as having 157 serial founders; Stanford follows with 135, and then MIT with 124.And in number of exits — meaning an investor let go of their stake in a company, presumably for a profit — Stanford is back on top with 160 companies with a combined exit value of $35 billion. UC-Berkeley has 144 companies with a combined exit value of $11.9 billion, and MIT has 112 companies with a combined exit value of $9.9 billion.SELF-SELECTION AND CULTURAL INFLUENCEUC-Berkeleys Haas School of Businessâ€Å"I’m not surprised that Cal ranked highly,† says Rhonda Shrader, director of entrepreneurship at Haas. â€Å"There’s some self-selection, and a lot of people also come to Berkeley not as entrepreneurs, but find a real passion for it here.†Shrader  says location probably plays a role in the success of their startups. The school itself focuses more on developing skills and ideas and less on pitching to VCs, she adds, but Cal has  relationships with mentors who can come in and help student startups with just about anything.And Bay Area startup culture may be influencing student interest in startups, too. A lvarado-Leon, for example, says he probably wouldn’t have done a startup if he’d gone to a different school.â€Å"That’s something I really like about Berkeley and the Bay Area,† he says. â€Å"To be in a place where startups and entrepreneurs are everywhere, and people are wearing shirts with their startups on them. It makes it unique.† Page 1 of 3123 »

My Thoughts On My Life - 845 Words

Ok so I needed a little help to focus my thoughts so I used google and found a blog that was very helpful. The writer Kat Lee said, one of my greatest fears in life is that I will be the same person at 76 that I am at 36; that I will have the same hangups as an older woman that I had as a younger woman. I think that is my same fear. When I moved to Oklahoma I wanted to reinvent myself, I didn t want to be the same girl with the same hangups both in life and spiritually. I thought new place fresh start. As you already know it takes a lot for me to reach out and put myself on full display. I have a difficulty opening up and putting my feelings/thoughts into words. From the short while I ve known you I feel like you are a person I can break down those walls and be truly honest without the fear of judgement. I have so many questions to ask you about your life. You are not much older than me but you have lived life. You married a wonderful man at a young age and you have a sweet little boy. You are on fire for the Lord and it shows through your actions. So maybe you can help me clear some of my obstacles that are in my life by learning from you who might have already cleared or gone through those obstacle in your life. I can be a very critical toward myself and get overwhelmed by the things I need to change or improve on and end up doing nothing to change. I want to be the best person I can be. I go to my mom but she gives those generic mom answers. I want an outsideShow MoreRelatedMy Thoughts On My Life1499 Words   |  6 Pageshow I have been feeling deep down all day. I know it in the deepest part of my mind, with every neuron in my brain screaming this: I am in love with you so deeply and I think I would go mad with grief if you were ever not a part of my life anymore. When I think about the coy smile you get on your face when you first step off the bus or out of your car to greet me, my heart fills with a warm feeling that spreads throughout my torso, filling me with hope for us. When I think about you freak- out laughingRead MoreMy Thoughts On My Life1277 Words   |  6 Pagesrequired my help, next on the list was Phyllis. My stomach instantly lurched at the memory of my last visitation. M y hands gripped tighter onto the steering wheel, my nails digging into the soft leather leaving an impression that would last. As I pressed my foot down on the accelerator my mind whirred as I struggled to wrestle with the emotions that where brimming within me and threatening to overflow. Pictures of the scene flew before my eyes, distracting me and occupying my every thought. The dreadRead MoreMy Thoughts On My Life1272 Words   |  6 PagesI closed my eyes and pondered my next move. Was I in a dream or what? After two hours, my eyes shot open. I woke up realizing that I fell asleep. I was breathing short, heavy breaths. I looked around the room with wide eyes. I might have fell asleep while thinking about the problem I had with my mom a while ago. I couldn t believe of what was happening between me and my mom. Tears slid right down my cheeks from my warm, butterscotch eyes, followed by another one, and another one, until soon, aRead MoreMy Thoughts On My Life1496 Words   |  6 PagesMy lungs burn as they fill with water, as I m trying to get my head above surface. I struggle and push my legs harder and harder but no matter how hard I push I can t stop sinking. I notice bindings on my feet and desperately try clawing at the rope on my feet. I m running out of oxygen, and I have to take a breath. I take a big gulp of water and my lungs fill, black spots clouded my vision as I feebly struggle to untie the rope, I take one more breath and could feel I m fading BRINGGGGG!!Read MoreMy Thoughts On My Life955 Words   |  4 PagesAs a working mother, after leaving the home, I keep on thinking about my baby. Sometime I scare if something wrong goes to him. It is very difficult to concentrate my mind. I wish I will play with him whole day, can spend my time taking care him all the possible ways that I can make him a fun. While returning back to home my concern again start the same way, playing with him and make him happy as much as I can. But when I reach home, I hug him, kiss him and stay with him for a while and forgetRead MoreMy Thoughts On My Life885 Words   |  4 PagesMy Mom-Mom used to tell us that if you want to make God laugh, you should tell Him your plans. I did not fully understand that when she said it but I absolutely do now. The last few weeks have been tumultuous for me to say the least. In the midst of my going through I have also experienced God in ways I don t think I could ever fully describe. What I am learning is that even in the midst of going through it s not hard to see God s hand at work in your life. I am also learning that evenRead MoreMy Thoughts On My Life1447 Words   |  6 Pageswall in my house. The poem teaches principles such as: share everything, play fair, don’t hit people, put items back where you found them, clean up your mess. From the age of two these principles became object lessons and repeated phrases each and every day. Without realizing it, I had memorized this poem by the age of six, and not by choice. Principles impacting my life are those learned while golfing; my poem should be â€Å"All I need to know I learned in golf.† The summer between my eighth andRead MoreMy Thoughts On My Life1812 Words   |  8 Pagesthe covers halfway covering me, with my hand on my mouth, I stared at nothing in particular thinking about what just happened. Ritsu was taking a shower. I blushed as a vivid image of him naked flashed in my thoughts. His sweet and desperate kiss carved its way in my memories. As he gently put his lips against mine, I could faintly taste and smell the cigarette he was smoking a few minutes ago, but it didn t disgust me. In a daze, my right index finger traced my lips. What did this mean? Was I inRead MoreMy Thoughts On My Life876 Words   |  4 Pagesthis psychology class has opened my eyes to the endless psychological theories many great minds have introduced to the world. More interestingly, what I have learned from this class has affected me in my daily life as I find myself thinking about how my mind works and develops more often than before. Many experiences of my past can now be seen through a different light with the understanding of our remarkable cognitive abilities. My ability to stay committed to my goals while having resilience toRead MoreI Have Never Thought About My Life Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesnever thought about my worldviews until now. Growing up in a small town, I had not experienced or been exposed to the â€Å"outside world†. I have always been kept in this bubble surrounded by the same culture, people, and ideas. However, going to college, meeting different students and professors have made me question myself and the world I live in. I became aware of issues found around the world and I wanted to know why these issues were present. After studying specific experiences in my life and issues

Essay about The Recent Negative Effect Of Technology On...

The Recent Negative Effect of Technology on Society nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ever since the Industrial revolution, technology has been changing at a fast pace. People are always wanting a better lifestyle therefore there is always something new arising so humans can cope with their physical environment. One of the most important breakthroughs for technology was the agricultural system. The agricultural system was the basis for the technology of the future. The agricultural system brought on the need for transportation, workers and even, battles over land. The need for transportation brought vehicles into the market. The need for employees brought mechanical robots into society. Battles over land brought on the need for†¦show more content†¦If the company in New York doesnt follow in their footsteps then they could be forced out of business. In this case the company is forced into buying the machines just so they can stay in business. This has a negative effect on the employees who will be replaced by the new machines. When a city wants to attract tourists by building better roads to lessen traffic there is a mistake because this will only create more traffic since there will be more people wanting to travel these roads. McManus says the inability to see the future is responsible for the negative effects of new technologies. He also states better roads cause more traffic congestion, not less. By creating better roads, more people will want to travel these roads (A-1). If New York City built a new sophisticated highway to attract more tourists then more New Yorkers will want to travel the se roads as well. Many New Yorkers who previously used mass transit to travel to work will now want to use a car to travel to work. In effect there will be more traffic and more pollution. There will be other side effects as well. Real estate values of areas near the highway could go down. Competition can help a community in one aspect however it can hurt it as well. Competition can directly stimulate the economy, however, long term effects such as pollution and the loss of jobs could explain why the City of New York doesntShow MoreRelatedTechnology Has Changed Our Society Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesRATIONALE The predominance of technology has significantly influenced our society. Technology is being used all over the place, anywhere and is instant. When we say technology, it can mean a lot of things. But according to the New Zealand Ministry of Education, â€Å"technology is the use of practical and intellectual resources to develop products and systems (technological outcomes) that expand human possibilities by addressing needs and realising opportunities.† Technology is currently more complex andRead MoreThe Overuse of Technology in Our Daily Life Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ An Introduction Would that be possible to stay away from our technology’s devices for just a day? The answer for this question will bring a lot of negative answers, and of course if we ask this question in a survey, â€Å"NO† will be the winner of this survey. Talking about the use of technology reminded me one of the sources from my annotated bibliography by Amy Petersen, who is the Theatre and Media Arts Department Chair and Associate Professor in the College of Fine Arts and Communications at BrighamRead MoreThe Battle Of Technology And Technology1173 Words   |  5 Pages The Battle of Technology Within the 21st century, technology has become very advanced and even addictive for some individuals. With the rapid growth of technology, there has been a debate on if we are overusing technology in our lives. Some people see technology as a force that has escaped from human control while others feel that technology is continually improving the quality of life. In the past, mobile phones were only used as a means to communicate via phone call or text. Today, they areRead MoreEssay on Technology and the Negative Effects on Society1601 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Since the industrial revolution, society has become more and more dependent on technology. So much so that we sometimes lack the willingness to think before we act. We become impatient if it takes more than a few seconds to download a copy of the morning news paper. We expect immediate responses to our email, and we expect someone to answer their cell phone whenever and wherever we call. â€Å"Industrialization resulted in rapid and sustained economic growth and a massive increaseRead MorePositive And Negative Effects On The Area Of Education858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Positive and Negative Effects of Globalisation in the Area of Education in the World Today It is universally believed that globalisation has transformed the world into a small village. The world has become increasingly interacted economically, culturally and educationally. According to Zhao (2003, cited in Conroy, 2008, p.1) globalisation is defined as â€Å"the increasing integration of world economies through trade and financial transactions, involving movements of goods, people, and money acrossRead MoreTechnology And Medicine : Promise And Peril974 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology in Medicine: Promise and Peril Saint Augustine once said, â€Å"What does love look like? It has the hands to help others. It has the feet to hasten to the poor and needy. It has eyes to see misery and want. It has the ears to hear the sighs and sorrows of men. That is what love looks like.† The profession of medicine can be traced back to the 5th century BCE this signifies how important the relationship between a patient and the doctor is. The fact that this profession until now stands outRead MoreThe Effect Of Decaying Morality On Society934 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Decaying Morality on Society The ability to distinguish between actions that are right or wrong, is an innate characteristic designed into every person. There are many scientific theories that attempt to explain how individuals acquire morality. Psychologist say that morality is a learned behavior, and others contribute human morality to a view of fairness, or unfairness. My point is, I believe that morality is declining in our society, and its decline has a negative effect on societyRead MoreMorality And Its Effect On Society855 Words   |  4 Pagesfairness, or unfairness. I believe that morality is declining in our society, and its decline has a negative effect on society. Does the passing of time change morality or will society change with the passing of time? We can seek the answer to that question by exploring different aspects of our society to determine if a decline of morality has any negative effect on our society. Specifically, does the decline of morality have an effect on crime rates, laws, and the decline of a nation. To begin withRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media On Youth1088 Words   |  5 Pagesattribute to social media, there are also some very negative side effects that go hand in hand with the use of social media. From the absence of soft skills to the lasting damage of focus, social media may not be the saving grace we are looking for. The wide spread use of social media has detrimental effects on the development of today’s youth. The detrimental effects social media has on today’s youth should make us rethink our evolution of technology. The repeated use of social media is harmful toRead MorePlay Station And Video Games1710 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary Play Station and video games are technologies used for entertainment across all age groups all around the world. The young children aged from 5 to 10 years old occupy the largest percentage of users. Today there is wide variety of games attributed to the advancement in technology. The report is a detailed documentation of the impact of gaming on children with references to recent scholarly articles. It also touches on other involved parties in the management of the media entertainment

Shakespeare should not be taught in schools free essay sample

A word that strikes eye-rolling boredom in the average adult and schoolchild. He is undoubtedly one of the greatest literacy geniuses that ever lived, but many teacher’s, parents, and students have the same question, should we be reading Shakespeare in school? Firstly, I will highlight how inappropriate Shakespeare’s plays are for young audiences. Take Romeo and Juliet for example, This play is a non-realistic tragedy, which at times seems like a comedy or true love story. Where a 13 year old girl and a young man fall in love, get married and then they both commit suicide within a matter of days. I’m sure many parents do not want their children learning about suicide in school, especially if they have ever had anyone affected by suicide. There are many other examples of suicide but also murder in Shakespeare’s plays, Ophelia and Lady Macbeth commit suicide. Othello murders his wife and Macbeth murders his best friends wife and kids, just because he sees Macduff as a threat to his power. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare should not be taught in schools or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Macbeth killed them just because he felt like it and I think this is highly unsuitable for schoolchildren. The use of sexual references throughout some of Shakespeare’s plays is also inappropriate; take the Porters speech in Hamlet and the opening scene of Romeo and Juliet for example. The servants of the Capulet family discuss how they would ‘thrust the maids’ of the Monatgue’s ‘to the wall’. I think this is quite out of place here as it has no affect on the storyline of the play. My second point focuses on Ireland and our literacy levels. Irelands global ranking in literacy has dropped from 5th to 17th. The English curriculum in Ireland should focus on improving literacy levels rather than bombarding students with unfamiliar and difficult language. Look at New Zealand, after removing Shakespeare from their curriculum, New Zealand’s global ranking has gone from 10th in 2011 to 5th in 2013. I’m not saying we should just get rid of every copy of Shakespeare in Ireland, I’m merely saying that we should try and follow New Zealand’s brave example which in turn could possibly improve the curriculum. My final point highlights how boring Shakespeare is for young students. If teachers force their students to study Shakespeare, they will more than likely get no enjoyment out of it. It doesn’t expand their mind because most students don’t understand Shakespeare’s outdated, unfamiliar language Students should study Shakespeare because they want to not because they have to. We don’t write or speak the way Shakespeare wrote so why are we studying him. Also a lot of students get confused because of Shakespeare’s use of double meaning. Words now do not have the same meaning as they did back then. A lot of people zone out when they hear Shakespeare, which almost makes it a chore for students to study. I believe it is because Shakespeare is so important that we wouldn’t study him in school.

The Effect of Global Warming on Thermohaline Circulation Essay Example

The Effect of Global Warming on Thermohaline Circulation Paper Studies have been conducted in recent years on the effects of increase of greenhouse gases on the thermopile circulation. There are several hypotheses that state that the prolonged effect Of global warming could eventually â€Å"shut down† the thermopile circulation and lead to cooling in certain regions in the North Atlantic Ocean. Several ocean-atmosphere models have been used to predict the effect of increase of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) concentration on ocean circulation. Two such models are discussed and their results are analyzed. 1. Introduction [2] Global temperatures have seen a dramatic increase since the Industrial Revolution. Several climate models have projected an increase of between 1. 10 C to 6. 0 C in the global average temperature due to the continued effect of global warming (EPIC (2007)). Apart from the resulting adverse effect on global climate, increasing global temperatures may result in species extinction, changes in agricultural production, deleterious effects on health, rise in the sea level, reductions in the ozone layer and disruption in the ice shelf. Another possible outcome of global warming is what is now termed as the â€Å"shutdown of the thermopile circulation†. Wallace S. Broker, the man responsible for the term â€Å"Global Conveyor Belt†, called the thermopile recirculation the â€Å"Achilles heel of our climate system† (Broker, 1997). There is much research that focuses on the effect of greenhouse gases on ocean circulation. Two such models are discussed in future sections. Some research has shown that the transfer of heat from regions around the CEQ tutor to the poles is due to the thermopile circulation in the ocean. This implies that Europe does not have the same climate as the poles because of the thermopile circulation. The thermopile circulation therefore plays an important role in regulating the amount of sea ice in the Polar Regions. There re several schools of thought (Eager, Battista, Yin, Gordon, Nazi, Clement and Cane (2002)) that attribute this climate in Europe to its position with respect to the ocean basin and the warm atmospheric waves that blow up north from the tropics. Rhine and Hkeen (2003) challenged this claim. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Global Warming on Thermohaline Circulation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Global Warming on Thermohaline Circulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Global Warming on Thermohaline Circulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to Rhine and Hacking, â€Å"it is the existence of the oceanic heat transport that allows the maritime effect to operate in the northern North Atlantic and to create a milder European climate than in the North America; without the heat transport, ice would likely extend over much greater areas of ocean and land†. Much research is currently focused on the role of ocean circulation in the supply of heat to Europe. 2. Thermopile Circulation [3] Ocean circulation is commonly divided into TV parts: the thermopile and the wind driven circulation. In other words, circulation in the oceans is partly due to wind stress, and also partly due to changes in density because of changes in temperature and salinity. The term â€Å"thermopile† originates from thermo for heat and haling for salt, which together determine the density of the water mass. [4] Thermopile circulation originates in pacific areas of the North Atlantic and in the Widely Sea of the Southern Ocean. In the North Atlantic, the evaporative cooling effect of winter is responsible for cooling the upper layers of seawater, increasing the salinity thereby increasing density and causing sinking. The sinking cool water is the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADIA). The denser NADIA flows southwards into the ocean basins. The bulk of the water peels in the Southern Ocean, while some of the deep water causes further upwelling in the North Pacific and Indian Oceans. This movement of the deep water forms a giant conveyor belt hat covers a large part of the open ocean (figure 1). The Gulf Stream, for example, which is largely driven by thermopile circulation, transports warm water from the Caribbean northwards. Figure 1: Thermopile Circulation (Source: Brakes, 1 992, figure 10. 1, p. 186, as taken from Kerr, 1988). 3. Global Warming [5] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (EPIC), in February 2007, submitted a 21 -page report assessing the effect of global warming on global climate. The report stated that: â€Å"most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations†. Emission of infrared radiation warms the Earth surface; the phenomenon is known as the Greenhouse Effect. The dominant infrared absorbing gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide (ICC) and ozone (03). The interactions between greenhouse gas molecules and radiation can be explained by quantum mechanics. ICC and 03 molecules have vibration motions whose quantum states can be excited by collisions at energies encountered in the atmosphere. Industrial activities, such as fossil fuel ruining and other human activities such as cement production and tropical deforestation has increased the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. ICC is also a byproduct from automobiles, airplanes and building constructions. The importance of ICC as a greenhouse gas is very apparent and is therefore used as a parameter in determining the effects of global warming. 4. Review of models used to simulate the response of the Thermopile Circulation to increasing ICC [6] Several coupled ocean-atmosphere models have been used to simulate the response of ocean circulation to the inc rease in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Mbabane and Stouffer (1993) conducted one such study; a coupled ocean-atmosphere model was used to simulate the increase of ICC in the atmosphere. Three integrations over a period of 500 years were conducted. In the first integration the atmospheric concentration of ICC was kept constant. The second and third integration involved increasing the atmospheric ICC at a rate of 1% per year, until it reached twice the original value at the 70th year (for the second integration) and four times the original value at the 14th year (for the third integration) and was maintained instant thereafter. The change in ICC concentration caused the gradual disappearance of the thermopile circulation while doubling and quadrupling the concentration of ICC Most notably, in the North Atlantic Ocean, the thermopile circulation nearly vanished during the first 200 years in the coccyx integration (the integration carried out while quadrupling the ICC concentration in the atmosphere). During the first 140 years of the coccyx integration, the thermopile circulation rapidly weakens and continues to do so even after the concentration of ICC is held constant. The integration also showed a decrease in the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. The result of this integration shows that the gradual disappearance of the thermopile circulation leaves wind driven, shallow cells in the subtropics of the North and South hemisphere. Similar effects were observed in the coccyx integration. The thermopile circulation shows weakening intensity during the first 70 years of simulation, which continues until the 1 50th year, during which there is no change in the ICC concentration. But in the 50th year the thermopile circulation slowly begins to regain its original intensity, although not quite achieving it. 7] Mbabane and Stouffer concluded that the weakening of thermopile circulation in the coccyx integration is not due to its instability, but rather due to the adjustments made by the mechanism to the â€Å"evolving density structure† of the models Atlantic Ocean. This is apparent in the manner in which the circulation slowly regains strength in the later part of the coccyx integration. This does not happen in the coccyx integration, and the thermopile circulation shuts down. There were also notable changes in the Widely and Ross Seas, where he circulation became weak and shallow. This in turn caused weakening of the deep-water formation and the northward flow of bottom water in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans was affected. This weakening of the thermopile circulation is attributed to â€Å"the capping of the model oceans by relatively fresh water in high latitudes where the excess of precipitation over evaporation increases markedly due to the enhanced pollard moisture transport in the warmer model troposphere†. [8] Schmeltzer and Stocker (1998) used a simplified coupled atmosphere-ocean model to study the possible effects o f greenhouse gas emissions. The findings were similar to Mbabane and Stouffer, with the model exhibiting a threshold value of ICC concentration beyond which the thermopile circulation shuts down and does not recover. The concentration of ICC is doubled here, and exhibits a shutdown; however the model is less sensitive than that of Mbabane and Stouffer. The model shows that the thermopile circulation breaks down for a value of 750 pump or higher. An equilibrium state is reached characterized by the absence of deep-water formation in the North Atlantic. Mbabane and Stouffer (2003) revisited the effect of carbon dioxide on thermopile recirculation by conducting several integrations using a coupled atmosphere- ocean model for a time period varying between 4000 years to 1 5000 years. Similar to the study carried out in 1 993, the concentrations of ICC are doubled, quadrupled and halved. In each experiment â€Å"the response of surface temperature increases with increasing latitudes†. In the coccyx experiment, thermopile circulation shows weakening before intensifying around the 200-year mark. It fully regains its original intensity in the 60th year. The coccyx experiment shows the thermopile circulation reacting in a animal manner as earlier noted, however, it regained its intensity around the 1000-year mark. The weakening of the thermopile circulation in the coccyx and coccyx experiments is attributable to reduction in the surface salinity of the North Atlantic Ocean. With the warming of the troposphere (due to increased ICC concentrations), the moisture content in the air increases; this in turn enhances the transport of water vapor in the troposphere towards the poles. The precipitation in the high latitudes goes up by a fairly high amount, which reduces the salinity and density of the North Atlantic waters. 5. Conclusion [10] There are several hypotheses that state that the continued effect of global warming could eventually â€Å"shut down† the t hermopile circulation and lead to cooling in certain regions in the North Atlantic Ocean. Global warming could lead to an increase of freshwater in the upper oceanic regions, by melting glaciers, and thereby increasing precipitation into the ocean. This increase in freshwater could have an adverse effect on the thermopile circulation which, as mentioned earlier, IS driven by changes in temperature and salinity. In 2004, NASA satellites recorded what seemed to be the slowing f the North Atlantic current. On April 15 of that year, NASA released a press statement stating that the â€Å"slowing of this ocean current is an indication of dramatic changes in the North Atlantic Ocean climatic?’. A study of the ocean circulation in the North Atlantic by Harry Burden (2005) revealed that â€Å"Atlantic meridian overturning circulation has slowed by about 30 per cent between 1957 and 2004†. Burden’s finding Was viewed with speculation by the scientific and oceanographic c ommunity, especially since measurements conducted post 2005 showed a significant warming of the North Atlantic Current. However, the current overall climate is definitely changing; in particular sea- ice formation is less because of overall global warming. Burden predicts that the shutdown on the thermopile circulation could have severe repercussions on Europe, in that the temperature would change drastically. There could be major climatic changes such as an increase in floods and storms. Warming or rainfall changes in the tropics or the poles could occur. While the rest of the scientific community felt Burden’s findings were not credible, Delete Quadrates (2005) felt that there were a few observations that purported Burden’s work. Quadrates pointed out that climatic records have shown drops in air temperature by ICC in a few decades possibly caused due to abrupt changes in ocean circulation. Global warming is a very real threat to the human race. The question we face is whether global warming is in fact to going to affect the thermopile circulation. Even though there is a large amount of research that is being conducted in this area, there is an equal amount of opposition to it. Sorrowing (2007) has called the increase of ICC concentrations the â€Å"Greatest Scientific Scandal of our Time†. Sorrowing lams that the EPIC assessment of global warming in 2007 was purely a political move, â€Å"prepared by governmental and United Nations bureaucrats†. In another article in 2007, Sorrowing also claimed that the increase of ICC is not due to human activity but by atmosphere-ocean gas exchange and other causes of natural climatic fluctuations. Numerical models may provide a fairly decent idea of the functioning Of systems, but there is always the danger Of erroneous statistical methods and the use of boundary conditions that don’t necessarily reflect the real world. However, at the risk of sounding trite, reversion is better than c ure. The risk of man entering a new ice age is very real as of now, and will remain so until research shows otherwise. There are studies that speculate that the shutdown of the thermopile circulation is what previously led to the Younger Dryads (the big freeze) period (Creameries, 2006).

Government and Insurance Case Study Essay Example

Government and Insurance Case Study Essay Example Government and Insurance Case Study Essay Government and Insurance Case Study Essay The claims that the government insurance are receiving tend to be much higher than what those who cash and carry are required to pay. The government is having to pay significantly higher claims for members of medicare and Medicaid than those who do not use government insurance and pay with cash. The government feels they are being taken advantage of in this system and have imposed laws that now forbid that a companys’ claims be in excess of 120% of what the ordinary, or usual, charges would be without good cause. Potentially, government programs reimbursement amounts exceed the retail sales price for products because customers are more restricted and requires an extensive number of internal processes and procedure. The reimbursement amounts are set by the program entity. The process of selling goods involves additional mandated by law consideration beyond the normal cash and carry process, including the processing of insurance claims and substantiation of product delivery. Another potential could be because of the nondurable medical supplies, and how the process is cumbersome as the products are supplied to customers on a monthly basis. We do not think that the reimbursement rate for this company is substantially in excess. In order to comply with all of the governments requirements, there are significant operating expenses that must be incurred to get the products to where they need to be. Looking at TABLE 6, you can see that the product cost per unit is significantly higher for the product s sold to the government than the products sold to the cash and carry customers because of these extra operating expenses that are incurred. For this reason, this company should have good cause to charge a higher percentage for reimbursement rate in order the allow the business to operate at a profit and make it worth while to continue providing products for these customers. Although the numbers are not given to see what the company charges for :

Enterprise Integration - Infrastructure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enterprise Integration - Infrastructure - Essay Example For effective integration, it is pivotal that all these information systems are linked together through a reliable technology. So much so that the enterprise as a whole works as a single platform, all the information systems connected and related in a productive manner, providing the processed information as and when needed, or even before hand. This leads to optimized business operations at reduced costs, alignment with the customer and enhanced business agility, streamlined internal business operations, individual roles and growth opportunities. This calls for some strategic decisions about the kinds of technology that a company should use to link its various information systems. The technologies can then be made to work together in a coherent infrastructure to support the work of the organization. Regardless of the technology used, applications and data must communicate, and that communication is growing to include a wide variety of technologies, such as SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), JMS (Java Message Service), FTP and custom APIs. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is by far the most initial tool to serve the purpose of enterprise integration. ERP systems do not define what integration is and how it is to be developed, but they incur a techno-logic that conditions how control can be performed through financial and non-financial representations because they distinguish between an accounting mode and a logistics mode. The concept behind Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is that applications should expose their functionality as services in a way that can be accessed by any authorized external system. SOA isn't a point product or even a suite of products-it requires multiple components comprising multiple products up and down the infrastructure stack and includes messaging (ESB) technology, application servers (ESP), management (SOA Management and Registries) products, development tools and more. Conventional integration technologies are evolving and are quickly being replaced with ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) software. ESBs provide integration plus the capabilities of legacy EAI (Enterprise Application Integration) products, and features and functions that integrate both legacy and contemporary services, such as Web services. Enterprise and infrastructure management system (EIMS) technology offers network managers benefits such as unprecedented control, protection, security and integration with other systems. EIMS bridges network management software and physical layer management. It can self-discover the physical topology of data centers, communication rooms and wiring closets, while, at the same time, manage and troubleshoot network connectivity through integration with third-party logical layer applications. Infrastructure Model It is better to apply SOA concepts incrementally to existing information technology (IT) systems to exploit short-term business benefits. SOA facilitates aligning existing IT infrastructure and systems to achieve end-to-end enterprise connectivity by removing redundancies, generating unified collaboration tools, and streamlining IT processes. The Human Service Bus (HSB) is an optimized organizational

Article from Marketing Journals Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

From Marketing Journals - Article Example The process adds to the product's final cost, convenience, and customer acceptance. A process may be streamlined to reduce costs and diminish consumer options, or the product may be customized, which adds to the total cost of the product but offers the consumer a greater number of alternatives. The article contended that the two major measurable and manageable characteristics of any process are complexity and divergence. It is the challenge of the manager to find the most effective balance of these important components of the process. Complexity refers to the "number and intricacy of the steps required" to perform the process (35). A laboratory that performs DNA testing could be said to be more complex than checking the air pressure in a tire. Divergence is the "degree of freedom allowed or inherent in a process step or sequence" (35). Processes that require analyzation, assimilating data, and judgment are said to be highly divergent, such as a doctor performing surgery. By blueprinting a service into a schematically represented diagram, or flow chart, the degree of complexity and divergence can be readily and visually available. The complexity and divergence can then be adjusted to fit a marketing, cost, manufacturing, or consumer need. Altering the complexity and divergence of the service process can have a significant impa... For example, a gasoline outlet may decide to offer only 2 grades of gasoline instead of 4. This will save costs by reducing inventory requirements and overhead costs. However, the customer has been offered fewer options. Alternatively, the station may decide to carry 6 grades of gasoline and add kerosene and diesel fuel. This strategy can result in a niche market with lower volume and greater margins, as it increases the divergence and positions the station differently in the market. Complexity also dictates the market position as well as consumer perception. A mechanic's garage may opt to reduce their complexity and limit their work to muffler and brake systems. This specialization strategy can be risky when competing with more broad based and full service alternatives (38). However, increasing complexity runs the risk of poor quality or customer confusion. Customers may be unaware that a garage that offers automobile detailing, inspections, body and paint, and mechanical work, also does quality brake work. The manager must look for the market position that will maximize the opportunities with the least risk. In conclusion, visualizing the complexity and divergence of the service processes can help to understand the current market position and help plan for repositioning. The process that goods or services are subjected to is a raw material that can be manipulated and formed. This structured approach can reveal the characteristics that "not only affect market position, but also can be deliberately and strategically managed for positioning purposes" (42). Blueprinting and diagramming gives the manager a greater understanding and more control over the processes that affect cost, quality, deliverability, and consumer perception. Works Cited Shostack, G L.

The Wife of Bath is the rapist knight herself Essay Example for Free

The Wife of Bath is the rapist knight herself Essay She still praises him and speaks of the abuse inflicted on her very matter-of-factly. As difficult as it may be to swallow, could it be that she is an example of a woman who merely wants the illusion of having control while she is really the one who is controlled? It is not to say that women dont want power. We just dont want all of the power. After taking another one of his beatings, she made her fifth husband feel so guilty that he relinquished all of his assets. Therefore, there was a cessation of power which perhaps implies to the reader that her husband may now be less desirable to her, since she has now defeated and conquered him. After this encounter, we do not hear much more of the fifth husband. Why is that? Is it because theres nothing left to tell now that she controls him? We arent even told how this marriage ends whether he died or they separated. Of tongue and fist, indeed of all hed got. I made him burn that book upon the spot. And when Id mastered him, and out of deadlock. Secured myself the sovereignty of wedlock. For ages, women have begged men to be more eager to listen and indulge us in our thoughts and desires. However, we tend to become bored with these men. Though the two latter marriages dont seem successful, the reader can see the transition between husbands from ones that were simple and easily tames to the ones that were more difficult and harder to control. She is finding it harder to find a husband, now that she feels weakened, by what she considers the natural flaw of aging I wont prevent him! Ill have a husband yet. So now she needs to assert herself, using some other way to demonstrate her power. She doesnt really have the things that she describes as important, except for what she has superficially attainted through past marriages. You say that some desire us for our wealth, Some for our shapeliness, our looks, our health, Some for our singing, others for our dancing, Some for our gentleness and dalliant glancing, And some because our hands are soft and small; But your account the devil gets us all. Though in her tale she brings out her point that women want dominance over a man in marriage, there are flaws to her story telling. The nominal hero in the tale is a rapist. The word rape is often promoted by the Wife of Bath throughout her tale. The king in the Wifes tale represents authority and would have inflicted the punishment of death on the knight. The queen on the other hand would have preferred the knight to also be raped, an eye for an eye. Out of context, it can be seen that the Wife of Bath is the rapist knight herself. Since the story is her own, her traits can be seen through the different characters. The Wife of Bath is interchangeable. She can be the knight who conquers the woman and who is also blinded by the false importance of age and beauty. Having created the knight and the theme of rape, she becomes a perpetual self-rapist. She could be the woman who is overtaken by the knights sexuality and strength, a sign of her sexual weakness. She could be the queen who is set upon this man learning that woman want/need control. Or even more so, we can see her as the hag who conquers the man and wins the power in the relationship. There is a gentle irony in the Wifes tale. Her story is of the antifeminist clichi that all women in their hearts desire to have control but also subconsciously want to be raped.

Rebuttal to Killing Them Softly Essay -- Jacob Sullum Tobacco Essays

Rebuttal to â€Å"Killing Them Softly† â€Å"Killing Them Softly,† an essay by Jacob Sullum, addresses the issue of Senator Judd Gregg’s bill to give the Food and Drug Administration control over tobacco products. This bill would allow the FDA to make such decisions as halting tobacco companies’ marketing of safer tobacco products and reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes. Sullum argues that by giving the FDA the power to make such decisions, individual consumers would be disadvantaged and lives could possibly be lost instead of saved. If given control of such decisions, the FDA would not allow the introduction of safer tobacco products as they feel this will increase the number of smokers. They feel more people will begin using these products that are advertised as less harmful substances, whereas Sullum feels it would be better for people to change their habits to these â€Å"safer alternatives.† Sullum fails to consider benefits of relinquishing control to the FDA, however. By c onsidering some of the positive results, Sullum might develop a different opinion and support the bill as he should. One major point that Sullum tries to emphasize is how people’s health will be disadvantaged once the FDA is given control. When making the decision about marketing safer tobacco products, the FDA is concerned about how the introduction of smokeless tobacco will be interpreted by the â€Å"population as a whole.† Sullum, on the other hand, believes the concern should be with individual consumers. He believes smokers could be doing something healthier for themselves if the FDA promoted smokeless tobacco. However, the FDA believes advertising smokeless tobacco as a less harmful substitute for cigarette smoking misleads people and encourage... ...rth thinking about, it is in the best interest of the â€Å"population as a whole† that the Food and Drug Administration be given the rights to control the image that tobacco receives and exploit its negative aspects. Works Cited 1Up Health. Tobacco Use - Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco. 2003. 9 Oct. 2003. . Just Eliminate Lies. A Division of Tobacco Use Prevention and Control. 9 Dec. 2003. . Kick Butts Day. Campaign For Tobacco-Free Kids. 9 Dec. 2003. . Sullum, Jacob. â€Å"Killing Them Softly.† Reason Online. 19 Sept. 2003. 2 Oct. 2003. . Teens Against Tobacco Use. American Lung Association. 9 Dec. 2003. .

Business strategy: A guide to Effective Decision making Essay

Strategies decisions depends highly on perceptions, people’s attitudes and assumptions, therefore they are rarely straightforward or simple. Strategic decisions determine the direction as well as success of an organization, which is why it is essential for decision-makers to understand the decision-making process in order to make the right decisions. Chapter 2, 3, and 4 focus on introducing forces which will form a decision, including ideas, developments and potential pitfalls. In chapter 4, a practical and useful framework is also created to guide step by step in a decision-making process. Chapter 8 outlines insights and techniques for implementing and improving decisions in order to have a competitive strategy. Chapter 12 introduces forces which will have affection in sales, marketing and brand management decisions. It is necessary to understand the decision-making process and other involved factors to be able to create a practical and competitive strategy. Right decisions will make a huge impact on company’s directions as well as success in the future. Chapter 2: Ideas at Work Setting a strategy has always been complex due to the changes that company has to face over time. There are several factors that will affect the decision making process. Decision-making approaches The classical administrator The classical administrator, which was founded by Henri Fayol, has become the most traditional model of the decision-makers or strategists. A set of common activities and principles of managements was developed and divided into five sections: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. Planning involves setting the goals of the organization and developing an action plan for future success. Organizing involves structuring the organization and using necessary resources to achieve these aims. Commanding makes sure the optimum return from people, which is usually considered the most expensive component of a business. Coordinating involves focusing on people’s effort to achieve the goals. Control makes sure that everything is going according to plan, making adjustment when necessary to ensure success. The design planner When the strategy is planned, the techniques of the classical administrator would be used to implement the strategy. Design planning will help the implementation process and it requires expertise in two areas: Analyzing and anticipating the future environment, techniques and models. Be aware of the external opportunities and threats; internal strengths and weaknesses. The role player The role player involves in the strategic decision-maker’s job as a reflective and analyzing planner and controller, to make sure the plan is realistic and practical. The competitive positioner It is crucial for competitive positioner to understand the power of the external environment in order to achieve competitive advantage. Customers and suppliers, substitute products, present and potential competitors are considered competitive forces. The competitive positioned should be able to eliminate barriers to enter its market, set a competitive prices, reduce operating costs and be aware of its rivals. The visionary transformer Vision is one of the fundamental tools to make a strategic decision, and it should focus on answering the following questions: Where in the market should the organization position itself? Brand positioning? How should the organization achieve its goal? However, visions should be achievable and visionary transformers should be able to ensure that they are achieved. The self-organizer The self-organizer needs the ability to network, innovate and collaborate with people to achieve the organization’s goal. The turnaround strategist The turnaround strategist focuses on turning around the performance of an organization once a visionary leader has failed. It is important to adapt new control systems quickly, find out the reasons for failing and be able to reverse them. Financial issues There are three financial issues that influence strategic decisions, they are: cash management, risk management and budgeting. It is important for company to be able to manage its cash flow and have an effective financial control while implementing strategic decisions. Controlling costs Controlling costs, by saving money, making cost-cutting is one way to boost profits and reduce losses. Managing for value: implementing the balanced scorecard The balances scorecard takes into account four important perspective of activity, they are: financial perspective, customers, internal processes, innovation and learning perspective. The main stages of implementing the balanced scorecard include: Preparing and defining the strategy, deciding what to measure, finalizing and implementing the plan, publicizing a d using the results, reviewing and revising the system. The rise of technology and the impact on technology on decision-making The rise of technology has opened up a multiple ways to add value, increase sales, reduce costs and manage more efficiently, therefore technology has made a huge and diverse impact on business decisions. Factors that affect a business and decision-making such as: adding value, understanding customer needs, competitive advantage and assessing costs can be done much faster and more efficient with the help of technology. That is why it is definitely important to use and manage information systems properly to take the best out of it. Chapter 3: Pitfalls In this chapter, several types of failure may be encountered in decision-making process, such as: thinking flaws, leadership flaws and cultural flaws. Behavioral flaws In order to avoid traps made by human brain while making decisions, common traps should be recognized and understood which ones are likely to influence decision-maker’s thinking. Some common traps which were mentioned in this chapter were: the anchoring trap, the status quo trap, the sunk-cost trap, the confirming-evidence trap, the overconfidence trap, the framing trap, the recent event trap, and the prudence trap. Leadership flaws Leadership flaws can also affect strategic decisions. One of them is failure of understanding, when the leader does not properly understand a problem. Another common flaw is rationalistic planning, when everybody assumes that there is only one effective choice, therefore, leads to only one conclusion. Decision-making pitfalls Cultural flaws The culture of an organization can make a negative effect on strategic decision, and fragmentation occurs when people are in disagreement. In the other hand, groupthink is when an idea is given because it is supposed to harmony with the majority. Such behaviors are common and therefore, decisions may be affected by the cultural of an organization. Failure to respond to change It is important to sense when to change before the business goes down and gets bankrupt. Responding to the need to change may be not easy, due to other external factors, but changing in the right way and at the right time is crucial to remain the business in the market. Overcoming decision-making problems It is usually much more difficult to over problems than just pointing them out. When looking for a solution, two main factors should be considered seriously: the ability of the decision maker and the importance of testing and perfecting decisions. Some other ways to overcome problems and aim to effective decision-making are: being aware (and raising awareness among others), avoiding subjective or irrational analysis, being sensitive, establishing clear priorities and objectives, fostering creativity and innovation, understanding substantive issues and last but not least, focusing on the relevance and potency of the business idea. Organizational learning and scenarios Two popular approaches that can be used to avoid the pitfalls of strategic thinking are adaptive organizational learning and scenario thinking. Adaptive organizational learning means continuing the process by adapting new changes to suit the organizational environment and to improve performance. Scenario thinking is a process which is divided into two parts: a formal element designed by managers, and an informal part, characterized by casual conversations. Chapter 4: Rational or intuitive? Frameworks for decision-making The rational approach Assessing the situation Assessing the situation is the first step of rational decision-making process. It starts by asking whether the decision relates to a permanent issue or it is the result of an isolated event, therefore the decision-maker may have some idea of what to do in the next step. Defining the critical issues When considering a decision, all aspects should be taken into account, and funneling is a useful and rational technique to be used. The method involves collecting information, then prioritizes and eliminates issues that aroused based on the data that were collected and analyzed. Specifying the decision This step defines what the decision must achieve. By defining the minimum set of goals, this helps to ensure focus and smooth implementation. Making the decision Compromise is usually involved in the decision-making process. In this stage of the process, embracing with creativity and innovation may ensure the strategic decision will be implemented successfully. Implementing the decision After defining the decision, executing it is usually the most critical and time-consuming phase. These following factors are involved: planning how it will be implemented, assigning the tasks clearly and specifically, communicating, motivating and rewarding, managing resources to ensure that people carrying out the decision have the necessary equipment to complete their task. Monitoring and making adjustments It is very important to monitor the implementation so that everything is going according to plan and adjustments can be made in time. Decision-making is a cycle, from the last step comes back to the first step again, therefore the assessment of the next decisions should start will the monitoring of current ones. The intuitive approach

The Epidemic Of Hiv / Aids - 1065 Words

Although HIV/AIDS is on the rise together, we can put an end to the increasing numbers. Globally HIV/AIDS is growing rapidly by the end of 2015 the number of people infected and diagnosed could beat any of the previous year’s records. Shockingly enough, this statistic even stands true for our home state Kansas. These numbers may be rising because more people want to know their statuses and are becoming aware of the dangers hidden in this deadly virus. On the other hand, people may be living more risky life styles, foolishly thinking they are above catching HIV. Regardless of the reason, the numbers are too high when the quantity of new cases should be actively decreasing. HIV is an acronym and stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.†¦show more content†¦There are also some early symptoms of HIV; these symptoms often resemble the flu with many of the symptoms being the same. A few examples are fatigue, chills, fever, headache, and swollen lymph nodes. These can occur as early as 2 weeks to 2 months after exposure to the virus and can seem to go away rather quickly, another symptom that does not fit in with the flu like symptoms is a rash covering the body; this is caused by your immune system being attacked. Not saying every time you feel a bit under the weather you should run to the doctor to be tested but if your involved in any risky behavior its best to know and stay aware. After all, a painless test only takes a minute. Many people still think that HIV is a virus for gay men or drug users. While this is factual, HIV is in every economical type in the world. HIV does not halt with gay men and drug users; it is everywhere! HIV is transmitted several different ways. These include sharing needles for drug use, needle sticks, blood transfusions, breast-feeding, and sexual acts. If you are involved in any of these actions, YOU ARE AT RISK! It is hard to tell individuals how to live their lives but if your one of those people who feel like they must live life on the edge then you can still take all methods imaginable to stay safe and HIV free. Using a clean needle and never sharing your needles